Re: Předpřítomný a předminulý čas

jasenko, ja ti taky jeste trosku rozvedu, co psaly holky, drive jsem se sem nedostala.....

predpritomny prosty dana skutecnost, ktera se stala nekdy v minulosti (nevim kdy, musi byt stale platna v pritomnosti) pr. I have lost my keys x I lost my keys but I have already found them.

predpritomny prubeh - pouzivame k a) vyjadreni how long (how long have you been reading, i have been reading for two hours, since breakfast... prekladame do pritomnosti - jak dlouho uz ctes). v podstate, kdyz v pritomnosti vyjadrujes jak dlouho, ci se pras jak dlouho, musis mit vzdy predpritomny cas (vetsinou prubehovy - rozvedu dal). takze nikdy how long do you, are you...
v minulosti je to samozrejme jinak - margaret was a prime minister for 11 years x vaclav has been president for 10 years. margaret byla, vaclav je.

nicmene, nekdy se stane, ze dle gramatiky ma byt prubeh, ale narazis na to , ze sloveso proste prubeh netvori - tedy obecne slovesa netvorici prubeh (know, understand, need...), sloveso byt, sloveso have ve smyslu vlastnit, smyslova slovesa.
priklady - I have been married for 5 years - jsem vdana 5 let (nikoli i have been beeing married..)
to same - I have known him, nikoliv I have been knowing him, I have had this car for 12 years.... pozor ale na have, pokud je soucasti jineho slovesa, treba have a shower - I have been having a shower for 30 minutes.

trosku zakerne jsou jeste slova work a liv. obecne prubeh musi vzdy splnovat podminku prechodneho deje. takze standardne - I have lived here all my life - prosty x Recently, we have been living with friend until we find somewhre - prubeh.

b) krome how long pouzivame prubeh v pripade, ze nam nejde o to, zda je cinost dokoncena, ale vidis nejake jeji nasledky a ptas se, jestli ta cinnost probihala.

pr. - vidis louze - has it been rainin? manzel je zacakany od barvy - have you been painting? kamoska je zpocena - have you been running?


predminuly - pouzijeme, kdyz potrebujeme ZDURAZNIT, ze se neco udalo drive, nez neco jineho. jak uz bylo receno, pri popisu veci jdoucich po sobe, neni nutne.

I woke up, had breakfast and went to work.
When I arrived they prepared my room. - prijel jsem a pak mi pripravili pokoj.
when I arrived they had prepared my room. prijel jsem a pokoj uz byl pripraveny.
when she came we had lunch - prijela a pak jsme jedli.
when she came we had had luch. - uz jsme meli sezrano.

uf, omlouvam se za preklepy, uz nemam silu to po sobe cist.